The Architecture of a Transaction in Ethereum

In Ethereum, a transaction contains the following fields:

from: sender’s address. The signature of this transaction must match the from address. It is always an externally owned account (EOA)

recipient/to: receiving address. This can be an externally owned account (EOA) or a contract account (SC)

signature: the signature must correspond to the from address

nonce: a number that is increased with every transaction made by the sender

value: amount of ETH to transfer from sender to recipient.data: Data can be used by smart contracts. The data contain the function and the call-data (function parameters). The specification is given in the ABI specs.

gasLimit: maximum amount of gas that can be used for executing the transaction

maxPriorityFeePerGas: the maximum price paid for each unit of gas as tip for including this transaction in a block.

maxFeePerGas: the maximum price per unit of gas willing to be paid for the transaction. This includes baseFeePerGas and maxPriorityFeePerGas.